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<h1><font color="#e00000">Documentation and Frequently Asked 
  Questions</font></h1>
<a href="#Common">Commonly Encountered Issues</a>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<a href="#Recent">Recent updates</a>
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<p>
This FAQ is supplemental documentation to the man pages, available both
in the installed system and 
<a href="http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi">online</a>.  The FAQ
covers the active release of OpenBSD, currently v4.3.
There are likely features and changes to features in the 
<a href="faq5.html#Flavors">development version (<i>-current</i>)</a>
of OpenBSD that are not covered in this FAQ.

<p>
The FAQ in PDF and plain text form is available in the
<tt><b>pub/OpenBSD/doc</b></tt> directory from many
<a href="../ftp.html">FTP mirrors</a>, along with archival versions.

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<h3><a href="faq1.html">1 - Introduction to OpenBSD</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="faq1.html#WhatIs"      >1.1 - What is OpenBSD?</a>
<li><a href="faq1.html#Platforms"   >1.2 - On what systems does OpenBSD 
    run?</a>
<li><a href="faq1.html#ReallyFree"  >1.3 - Is OpenBSD really free?</a>
<li><a href="faq1.html#WhyUse"      >1.4 - Why might I want to use OpenBSD?</a>
<li><a href="faq1.html#Support"     >1.5 - How can I help support OpenBSD?</a>
<li><a href="faq1.html#WhoMaintains">1.6 - Who maintains OpenBSD?</a>
<li><a href="faq1.html#Next"        >1.7 - When is the next release 
    of OpenBSD?</a>
<li><a href="faq1.html#Included"    >1.8 - What is included with OpenBSD?</a>
<li><a href="faq1.html#WhatsNew"    >1.9 - What is new in OpenBSD 4.3?</a>
<li><a href="faq1.html#Desktop"     >1.10 - Can I use OpenBSD as a desktop
    system?</a>
<li><a href="faq1.html#HowAbout"    >1.11 - Why is/isn't ProductX included?</a>
</ul>

<h3><a href="faq2.html">2 - Getting to know OpenBSD</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="faq2.html#WebSites" >2.1 - Web Pages</a>
<li><a href="faq2.html#MailLists">2.2 - Mailing Lists</a>
<li><a href="faq2.html#ManPages" >2.3 - Manual Pages</a>
<li><a href="faq2.html#Bugs"     >2.4 - Reporting Bugs</a>
</ul>

<h3><a href="faq3.html">3 - Getting started with OpenBSD</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="faq3.html#BuyCD"     >3.1 - Buying an OpenBSD CD set</a>
<li><a href="faq3.html#BuyTShirts">3.2 - Buying OpenBSD T-Shirts</a>
<li><a href="faq3.html#ISO"       >3.3 - Does OpenBSD provide an ISO image for download?</a>
<li><a href="faq3.html#FTP"       >3.4 - Downloading via FTP, HTTP or AFS</a>
<li><a href="faq3.html#GetCurrent">3.5 - Obtaining Current Source Code</a>
</ul>

<h3><a href="faq4.html">4 - OpenBSD 4.3 Installation Guide</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="faq4.html#Overview"    >4.1 - Overview of the OpenBSD
    installation procedure.</a>
<li><a href="faq4.html#Checklist"   >4.2 - Pre-installation checklist</a>
<li><a href="faq4.html#MkInsMedia"  >4.3 - Creating bootable OpenBSD
    install media</a>
<li><a href="faq4.html#Boot"        >4.4 - Booting OpenBSD install
    media</a>
<li><a href="faq4.html#Install"     >4.5 - Performing an install</a>
<li><a href="faq4.html#FilesNeeded" >4.6 - What files are needed for
    Installation?</a>
<li><a href="faq4.html#Partitioning">4.7 - How much space do I need for
    an OpenBSD installation?</a>
<li><a href="faq4.html#Multibooting">4.8 - Multibooting OpenBSD</a>
<li><a href="faq4.html#SendDmesg"   >4.9 - Sending your dmesg to
    dmesg@openbsd.org after the install</a>
<li><a href="faq4.html#AddFileSet"  >4.10 - Adding a file set after 
    install</a>
<li><a href="faq4.html#bsd.rd"      >4.11 - What is 'bsd.rd'?</a>
<li><a href="faq4.html#InstProb"    >4.12 - Common installation problems</a>
<li><a href="faq4.html#site"        >4.13 - Customizing the install
    process</a>
<li><a href="faq4.html#Multiple"    >4.14 - How can I install a number of
    similar systems?</a>
<li><a href="faq4.html#getdmesg"    >4.15 - How can I get a dmesg(8) to
    report an install problem?</a>
</ul>

<h3><a href="faq5.html">5 - Building the System from Source</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="faq5.html#Flavors"    >5.1 - OpenBSD's Flavors</a>
<li><a href="faq5.html#WhySrc"     >5.2 - Why should I build my system from
    source?</a>
<li><a href="faq5.html#Bld"        >5.3 - Building OpenBSD from source</a>
<li><a href="faq5.html#Release"    >5.4 - Building a release</a>
<li><a href="faq5.html#Xbld"       >5.5 - Building X</a>
<li><a href="faq5.html#Why"        >5.6 - Why do I need a custom kernel?</a>

<li><a href="faq5.html#Options"    >5.7 - Building a custom kernel</a>
<li><a href="faq5.html#BootConfig" >5.8 - Boot-time configuration</a>
<li><a href="faq5.html#config"     >5.9 - Using config(8) to change your
    kernel</a>
<li><a href="faq5.html#VerboseBoot">5.10 - Getting more verbose output 
    during boot</a>
<li><a href="faq5.html#buildprobs" >5.11 - Common Problems when
    Compiling and Building</a>
</ul>

<h3><a href="faq6.html">6 - Networking</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href= "faq6.html#Intro" >6.1 - Before we go any further</a>
<li><a href= "faq6.html#Setup" >6.2 - Initial network setup</a>
<li><a href= "faq6.html#PF"    >6.3 - How do I filter and firewall with
    OpenBSD?</a>
<li><a href= "faq6.html#DHCP"  >6.4 - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
    (DHCP)</a>
<li><a href= "faq6.html#PPP"   >6.5 - Point to Point Protocol</a>
<li><a href= "faq6.html#Tuning">6.6 - Tuning networking parameters</a>
<li><a href= "faq6.html#NFS"   >6.7 - Using NFS</a>
<li><a href= "faq6.html#Bridge">6.9 - Setting up a bridge with OpenBSD</a>
<li><a href="faq6.html#PXE"    >6.10 - How do I boot using PXE?</a>
<li><a href="faq6.html#CARP"   >6.11 - The Common Address Redundancy
  Protocol (CARP)</a>
<li><a href="faq6.html#OpenNTPD">6.12 - Using OpenNTPD</a>
<li><a href="faq6.html#Wireless">6.13 - What are my wireless networking
  options?</a>
<li><a href="faq6.html#Multipath">6.14 - How can I do equal-cost
	multipath routing?</a>
</ul>

<h3><a href="faq7.html">7 - Keyboard and Display Controls</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href= "faq7.html#Keyboard"     >7.1 - How do I remap the keyboard? 
    (wscons)</a>
<li><a href= "faq7.html#ConsoleMouse" >7.2 - Is there console mouse support
    in OpenBSD?</a>
<li><a href= "faq7.html#ConsoleClear" >7.3 - How do I clear the console
    each time a user logs out?</a>
<li><a href= "faq7.html#Scrollback"   >7.4 - Accessing the console
    scrollback buffer. (amd64, i386, some Alpha)</a>
<li><a href= "faq7.html#SwitchConsole">7.5 - How do I switch consoles?
    (amd64, i386, Zaurus, some Alpha)</a>
<li><a href= "faq7.html#80x50"        >7.6 - How can I use a console 
    resolution of 80x50? (amd64, i386, some Alpha)</a>
<li><a href= "faq7.html#SerCon"       >7.7 - How do I use a serial
    console?</a>
<li><a href= "faq7.html#Blanker"      >7.8 - How do I blank my console?
    (wscons)</a>
<li><a href= "faq7.html#ALLCAPS"     >7.9 - EVERYTHING I TYPE AT THE
    LOGIN PROMPT IS IN CAPS!</a>
</ul>

<h3><a href="faq8.html">8 - General Questions</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href= "faq8.html#LostPW"      >8.1 - I forgot my root password...
    What do I do!</a>
<li><a href= "faq8.html#X"           >8.2 - X won't start, I get lots of
    error messages</a>
<li><a href= "faq8.html#Programming" >8.3 - Can I use programming language "L"
    on OpenBSD?</a>
<li><a href= "faq8.html#NoFloppy"    >8.8 - Is there any way to use my 
    floppy drive if it's not attached during boot?</a>
<li><a href= "faq8.html#Bootloader"  >8.9 - OpenBSD Bootloader (<i>i386 
    amd64 specific</i>)</a>
<li><a href= "faq8.html#SKey"        >8.10 - Using S/Key on your OpenBSD 
    system</a>
<li><a href= "faq8.html#SMP"         >8.12 - Does OpenBSD support SMP?</a>
<li><a href= "faq8.html#TTY"         >8.13 - I sometimes get Input/output
    error when trying to use my tty devices</a>
<li><a href= "faq8.html#Browsers"     >8.14 - What web browsers are 
    available for OpenBSD?</a>
<li><a href= "faq8.html#mg"          >8.15 - How do I use the mg editor?</a>
<li><a href= "faq8.html#ksh"         >8.16 - Ksh does not appear to read my
    .profile!</a>
<li><a href= "faq8.html#motd"        >8.17 - Why does my /etc/motd file 
    get written over when I modified it?</a>
<li><a href= "faq8.html#wwwsolaris"  >8.18 - Why does www.openbsd.org run
    on Solaris?</a>
<li><a href= "truetype.html">8.20 - Antialiased and TrueType fonts in 
    X</a>
<li><a href= "faq8.html#Journaling"  >8.21 - Does OpenBSD support any 
    journaling filesystems?</a>
<li><a href= "faq8.html#RevDNS"      >8.22 - Reverse DNS or Why is it 
    taking so long for me to log in?</a>
<li><a href= "faq8.html#wwwnotstd"   >8.23 - Why do the OpenBSD web pages
    not conform to HTML4/XHTML?</a>
<li><a href= "faq8.html#NTPerror"    >8.24 - Why is my clock off by
    twenty-some seconds?</a>
<li><a href="faq8.html#TimeZone"     >8.25 - Why is my clock off by several
    hours?</a>
</ul>

<h3><a href="faq9.html">9 - Migrating to OpenBSD</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="faq9.html#Introduction">9.1 - Tips for users of other
    Unix-like Operating Systems</a>
<li><a href= "faq9.html#DualBoot">9.2 - Dual boot of Linux and OpenBSD</a>
<li><a href= "faq9.html#passwd"  >9.3 - Converting your Linux (or other
    Sixth Edition-style) password file to BSD-style.</a>
<li><a href= "faq9.html#Interact">9.4 - Running Linux binaries on OpenBSD</a> 
<li><a href="faq9.html#Ext2FS"   >9.5 - Accessing your Linux files from
    OpenBSD</a>
</ul>

<h3><a href="faq10.html">10 - System Management</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="faq10.html#wheel"         >10.1 - When I try to su to root 
    it says that I'm in the wrong group</a>
<li><a href="faq10.html#DupFS"         >10.2 - How do I duplicate a 
    filesystem?</a>
<li><a href="faq10.html#rc"            >10.3 - How do I start daemons with 
    the system? (Overview of rc(8))</a>
<li><a href="faq10.html#RelayingDenied">10.4 - Why do users get relaying 
    access denied when they are remotely sending mail through my OpenBSD
    system?</a>
<li><a href="faq10.html#POP"           >10.5 - I've set up POP, but I get
    errors when accessing my mail through POP. What can I do?</a>
<li><a href="faq10.html#SendmailDNS"   >10.6 - Why does Sendmail ignore 
    /etc/hosts file?</a>
<li><a href="faq10.html#HTTPS"         >10.7 - Setting up a Secure HTTP 
    Server using SSL(8)</a>
<li><a href="faq10.html#vipw"          >10.8 - I made changes to 
    /etc/passwd with vi(1), but the changes didn't seem to take place. 
    Why?</a>
<li><a href="faq10.html#AddDelUser"    >10.9 - How do I add a user? or 
    delete a user?</a>
<li><a href="faq10.html#FTPOnly"       >10.10 - How do I create a ftp-only 
    account?</a>
<li><a href="faq10.html#Quotas"        >10.11 - Setting up user disk quotas</a>
<li><a href="faq10.html#Kerberos"      >10.12 - Setting up KerberosV 
    Clients and Servers</a>
<li><a href="faq10.html#AnonFTP"       >10.13 - Setting up an Anonymous FTP 
    Server</a>
<li><a href="faq10.html#ftpchroot"     >10.14 - Confining users to their 
    home directories in ftpd(8).</a>
<li><a href="faq10.html#Patches"       >10.15 - Applying patches in 
    OpenBSD.</a>
<li><a href="faq10.html#httpdchroot"   >10.16 - Tell me about chroot(2) 
    Apache?</a>
<li><a href="faq10.html#rootshell"     >10.17 - Can I change the root shell?</a>
<li><a href="faq10.html#ksh"           >10.18 - What else can I do with ksh?</a>
</ul>

<h3><a href="faq11.html">11 - The X Window System</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="faq11.html#Intro">11.1 - Introduction to X</a>
<li><a href="faq11.html#ConfigX">11.2 - Configuring X</a>
<li><a href="faq11.html#amd64i386">11.3 - Configuring X on amd64 and i386</a>
<li><a href="faq11.html#StartingX">11.4 - Starting X</a>
</ul>

<h3><a href="faq12.html">12 - Hardware and Platform-Specific Questions</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="faq12.html#General">12.1 - General hardware notes</a>
<li><a href="faq12.html#alpha">12.2 - DEC Alpha</a>
<li><a href="faq12.html#amd64">12.3 - AMD 64</a>
<li><a href="faq12.html#armish">12.4 - ARM-based appliances</a>
<li><a href="faq12.html#hp300">12.5 - HP 9000 series 300, 400</a>
<li><a href="faq12.html#hppa">12.6 - HP Precision Architecture (PA-RISC)</a>
<li><a href="faq12.html#i386">12.7 - i386</a>
<li><a href="faq12.html#landisk">12.8 - Landisk</a>
<li><a href="faq12.html#luna88k">12.9 - Luna88k</a>
<li><a href="faq12.html#mac68k">12.10 - Mac68k</a>
<li><a href="faq12.html#macppc">12.11 - MacPPC</a>
<li><a href="faq12.html#mvme68k">12.12 - MVME68k</a>
<li><a href="faq12.html#mvme88k">12.13 - MVME88k</a>
<li><a href="faq12.html#sgi">12.14 - SGI</a>
<li><a href="faq12.html#sparc">12.15 - SPARC</a>
<li><a href="faq12.html#sparc64">12.16 - UltraSPARC</a>
<li><a href="faq12.html#vax">12.17 - DEC VAX</a>
<li><a href="faq12.html#zaurus">12.18 - Sharp Zaurus</a>
</ul>

<h3><a href="faq13.html">13 - Multimedia</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="faq13.html#confaudio  ">13.1 - How do I configure my audio
  device?</a>
<li><a href="faq13.html#playaudio  ">13.2 - Playing different kinds of
  audio</a>
<li><a href="faq13.html#playCD     ">13.3 - How can I play audio CDs in
  OpenBSD?</a>
<li><a href="faq13.html#recordaudio">13.4 - Can I use OpenBSD to record
  audio samples?</a>
<li><a href="faq13.html#lossyaudio ">13.5 - Tell me about Ogg Vorbis and
  MP3 encoding?</a>
<li><a href="faq13.html#playDVD    ">13.6 - How can I playback video
  DVDs in OpenBSD?</a>
<li><a href="faq13.html#burnCD     ">13.7 - How do I burn CDs and
  DVDs?</a>
<li><a href="faq13.html#convert"    >13.8 - But I want my media files in
  format FOO.</a>
<li><a href="faq13.html#streaming"  >13.9 - Is it possible to play
  streaming media under OpenBSD?</a>
<li><a href="faq13.html#javaplugin" >13.10 - Can I have a Java plugin in
  my web browser? (i386 only)</a>
<li><a href="faq13.html#flashplugin">13.11 - Can I have a Flash plugin in
  my web browser? (i386 only)</a>
</ul>

<h3><a href="faq14.html">14 - Disk Setup</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="faq14.html#disklabel"  >14.1 - Using OpenBSD's disklabel(8)</a>
<li><a href="faq14.html#fdisk"      >14.2 - Using OpenBSD's fdisk(8)</a>
<li><a href="faq14.html#NewDisk"    >14.3 - Adding extra disks in OpenBSD</a>
<li><a href="faq14.html#SwapFile"   >14.4 - How to swap to a file</a>
<li><a href="faq14.html#SoftUpdates">14.5 - Soft Updates</a>
<li><a href="faq14.html#Boot386"    >14.6 - How does OpenBSD/i386 boot?</a>
<li><a href="faq14.html#LargeDrive" >14.7 - What are the issues regarding 
    large drives with OpenBSD?</a>
<li><a href="faq14.html#InstBoot"   >14.8 - Installing Bootblocks - i386
    specific</a>
<li><a href="faq14.html#Backup"     >14.9 - Preparing for disaster: 
   Backing up and Restoring from tape.</a>
<li><a href="faq14.html#MountImage" >14.10 - Mounting disk images in 
   OpenBSD</a>
<li><a href="faq14.html#pciideErr"  >14.11 - Help! I'm getting errors 
   with IDE DMA!</a>
<li><a href="faq14.html#RAID"       >14.13 - RAID options with OpenBSD</a>
<li><a href="faq14.html#NegSpace"   >14.14 - Why does <tt>df(1)</tt>
   tell me I have over 100% of my disk used?</a>
<li><a href="faq14.html#OhBugger"   >14.15 - Recovering partitions after
    deleting the disklabel</a>
<li><a href="faq14.html#foreignfs"  >14.16 - Can I access data on
   filesystems other than FFS?</a>
<li><a href="faq14.html#flashmem"   >14.17 - Can I use a flash memory
   device with OpenBSD?</a>
<li><a href="faq14.html#DiskOpt"    >14.18 - Optimizing disk
   performance</a>
<li><a href="faq14.html#Async"      >14.19 - Why aren't we using async
   mounts?</a>
</ul>

<h3><a href="faq15.html">15 - The OpenBSD packages and ports
  system</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="faq15.html#Intro"   >15.1 - Introduction</a>
<li><a href="faq15.html#PkgMgmt" >15.2 - Package management</a>
<li><a href="faq15.html#Ports"   >15.3 - Working with ports</a>
<li><a href="faq15.html#PkgFAQ"  >15.4 - FAQ</a>
<li><a href="faq15.html#Problems">15.5 - Reporting problems</a>
<li><a href="faq15.html#Helping" >15.6 - Helping us</a>
</ul>

<h3><a href="pf/index.html">PF User's Guide</a></h3>
<ul>
<li>Basic Configuration
	<ul>
	<li><a href="pf/config.html">Getting Started</a>
	<li><a href="pf/macros.html">Lists and Macros</a>
	<li><a href="pf/tables.html">Tables</a>
	<li><a href="pf/filter.html">Packet Filtering</a>
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<li>Advanced Configuration
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<li>Additional Topics
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<li>Example Rulesets
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	<li><a href="pf/example1.html">Firewall for Home or Small
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<hr>
<a name="Common"></a>
<h3>Commonly Encountered Issues</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="faq4.html#InstProb">Common Installation Problems</a>
<li><a href="upgrade43.html">How do I upgrade my system?</a>
<li><a href="pf/index.html">Packet Filter</a>
<li><a href="faq15.html#PkgVsPorts">Should I use Ports or Packages?</a>
<li><a href="faq4.html#Multibooting">How do I set up a multi-boot system?</a>
<li><a href="faq6.html#Wireless">Wireless networking options</a>
</ul>

<hr>
<a name="Recent"></a>
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<h3>Recent Updates</h3>
<ul>
<li>FAQ updated for OpenBSD 4.3
<li><a href="upgrade43.html">Upgrade Guide</a> - new for 4.3
<li><a href="faq11.html">The X Window System</a> - new
<li><a href="pf/example1.html">PF Example</a> - revised
<li><a href="faq8.html#Programming">FAQ 8 - Can I use programming language
   "L" on OpenBSD?</a> - new
<li><a href="faq15.html">FAQ 15 - Packages and Ports</a> - new
<li><a href="faq13.html#javaflash">FAQ 13 - using Java and Flash</a>
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<hr>

The FAQ maintainers are Nick Holland, Joel Knight, and Steven
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Additional contributors to the FAQ include
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